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Photographer: Robert W. Freckmann
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| Status: | Introduced - naturalized; ecologically invasive |
| Plant: | perennial, submersed aquatic; tolerates cold, grows under ice in winter then emerges early forming dense mats dying back in mid-July; stems slightly flat; slender rhizomes |
| Flower: | green-brown, small; inflorescence curved flower spike held above water |
| Fruit: | dry seed with 3 ridges and a conical beak |
| Leaf: | alternate, entire, with prominent midvein, stalkless, curly toothed edge, oblong; no floating leaves; stipules fused at base; disintegrate |
| Habitat: | water 3'-10' deep |
| Notes: | usually reproduces by pine cone-like turions; eradicate- physically remove, use aquatic herbicide |
| (Glossary) |
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