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Photographer: Robert H. Read
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| Status: | Introduced - naturalized; ecologically invasive |
| Plant: | erect, biennial, 12"-40" tall forb, forming large, dense mats, first year plants an evergreen, basal rosette; stems mostly unbranched, hairless |
| Flower: | white, 4-parted, 1/3" wide, petals rounded at the top, narrowing towards the base; inflorescence a short, terminal cluster (raceme) of stalked flowers; blooms April-June |
| Fruit: | long, thin, 4-angled pods, both horizontal and pointing upward |
| Leaf: | alternate, coarsely toothed, stalked, strong garlic smell when crushed; lower kidney shaped, upper triangular |
| Habitat: | partial shade, shade; moderate moisture to moist; woods, woods edges |
| Notes: | to eradicate, hand pull, bag-up and remove if flowering; herbicide in early spring or late fall with glyphosate |
| (Glossary) |
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