CLASSIFICATIONS OF SUBFAMILIES AND TRIBES OF ASTERACEAE
CRONQUIST, 1955 (modified: Heywood et al., 1977)
I. Asteroideae
A. Heliantheae (sensu lato)
1. Heliantheae
2. Tageteae
3. Helenieae (accepted for reasons of expedience)
B. Astereae
C. Anthemideae
D. Arctoteae
E. Inuleae
F. Senecioneae
G. Calenduleae
H. Eupatorieae
I. Vernonieae
J. Liabeae
K. Cynareae
L. Mutisieae
II. Cichorioideae
A. Lactuceae
THORNE, 1983
Asteraceae (Compositae)
1. Genera: 1164
2. Species: 21300
I. Cichorioideae (Lactucoideae)
1. Genera: 339
2. Species: 7775
A. Mutisieae
1. Genera: 89
2. Species: 975
B. Vernonieae (including Trichospira)
1. Genera: 70
2. Species: 1455
C. Liabeae
1. Genera: 15
2. Species: 185
D. Cichorieae (Lactuceae)
1. Genera: 70
2. Species: 2300
E. Cardueae (Cynareae; including Carlinae, Echinopeae, Echinopsideae, Eremothamneae, Gunelieae)
1. Genera: 79
2. Species: 2660
F. Arctotideae (excluding Ursinia)
1. Genera: 16
2. Species: 200
II. Asteroideae
1. Genera: 825
2. Species: 13510
A. Heliantheae (including Arnica, Bahiinae, Gaillardiinae)
1. Genera: 209
2. Species: 2165
B. Tageteae
1. Genera: 17
2. Species: 237
C. Eupatorieae
1. Genera: 60
2. Species: 2000
D. Astereae
1. Genera: 135
2. Species: 2500
E. Inuleae
1. Genera: 180
2. Species: 2100
F. Anthemideae (including Ursiniinae)
1. Genera: 102
2. Species: 1400
G. Senecioneae (including Blennospermatinae)
1. Genera: 114
2. Species: 3000
H. Calenduleae
1. Genera: 8
2. Species: 110
BREMER, 1994
I. Barnedesioideae
A. Barnedesieae
II. Cichorioideae
A. Mutisieae
B. Cardueae
C. Lactuceae
D. Vernonieae
E. Liabeae
F. Arctoteae
III. Asteroideae
A. Inuleae
B. Plucheeae
C. Gnaphalieae
D. Calenduleae
E. Astereae
F. Anthemideae
G. Senecioneae
H. Helenieae
I. Heliantheae
J. Eupatorieae
JANSEN & KIM, 1996
I. Barnedesioideae
A. Barnedesieae
II. Subfamilial classification uncertain
A. Mutisieae
B. Cardueae (includes the Carlineae & Echinopeae)
C. Tarchonantheae
III. Cichorioideae
A. Vernonieae
B. Liabeae
C. Lactuceae
D. Arctoteae (includes the Eremothamneae)
IV. Asteroideae
A. Astereae
B. Anthemideae (includes the Ursinieae)
C. Inuleae (includes the Plucheeae)
D. Gnaphalieae
E. Calenduleae
F. Senecioneae
G. Helenieae
H. Tageteae
I. Coreopsideae
J. Heliantheae (includes the Athroisma group)
K. Eupatorieae
PANERO & FUNK, 2002
I. Barnedesioideae
A. Barnedesieae
II. AThe Stiftia Group@
A. Mutisieae (South America, Asia)
III. Mutisioideae
A. Mutisieae (South America)
IV. Gochnatioideae
A. Gochnatieae
V. Hecastocleidoideae
A. Hecastocleideae
VI. Carduoideae
A. Dichomeae
B. Tarchonantheae
C. Cardueae
VII. Pertyoideae
A. Pertyeae
VIII. Gymnarrhenoideae
A. Gymnarrheneae
IX. Cichorioideae
A. Gundelieae
B. Cichorieae (Lactuceae)
C. Liabeae
D. Vernonieae
E. Arctoteae
X. Corymbioideae
A. Corymbieae
XI. Asteroideae
A. Senecioneae
B. Calenduleae
C. Gnaphalieae
D. Astereae
E. Anthemideae
F. Inuleae
G. Plucheeae
H. Athroismeae
I. Helenieae
J. Coreopsideae
K. Neurolaeneae
L. Tageteae
M. Chaenactideae
N. Bahieae
O. Polymnieae
P. Millerieae
Q. Eupatorieae
R. Perityleae
S. Madieae
T. Heliantheae